Phosphites yog ib chav kawm ntawm phosphorus- muaj cov khoom sib txuas tau los ntawm phosphorous acid (H₃PO₃), feem ntau sawv cev los ntawm cov mis Mₓ(H₂PO₃)ᵧ lossis cov ntawv zoo sib xws, uas cov hlau lossis ammonium ions ua ke nrog phosphite anions los ua ntsev. Raws li ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm phosphorus chemistry, phosphites khaws qee cov yam ntxwv ntawm lawv niam txiv acid nyob rau hauv cov qauv, cov khoom, thiab kev ua haujlwm, thaum tseem nthuav tawm ntau yam kev siv peev xwm vim muaj kev koom tes ntawm cov hlau ions, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam thiab kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb.
Los ntawm cov qauv tsim tshuaj, phosphite anion pib los ntawm kev hloov ntawm ob ionizable hydroxyl hydrogen atoms ntawm phosphorous acid los ntawm cov hlau cations. Yog li, phosphites feem ntau khaws cov hydrogen atom ncaj qha rau phosphorus (P-H daim ntawv cog lus) thiab tuav lub tetrahedral moj khaum ntawm P=O ob daim ntawv cog lus. Cov qauv no ua rau lawv muaj qee qhov kev txo qis thiab kev sib koom tes, thaum lawv cov qauv siv lead ua, solubility, thiab thermal stability sib txawv heev nyob ntawm cov hlau cation. Piv txwv li, alkali hlau phosphites feem ntau yooj yim soluble hauv dej, thaum qee qhov kev hloov pauv hlau phosphites muaj kev txwv tsis pub solubility hauv dej tab sis tuaj yeem tsim cov complexes ruaj khov hauv cov kuab tshuaj tshwj xeeb lossis kev sib koom ua ke.
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm physicochemical zog, feem ntau phosphites yog dawb los yog tsis muaj xim muaju. Crystal morphology yog cuam tshuam los ntawm cation radius thiab kev sib koom ua ke, thiab tuaj yeem ua cubic, hexagonal, lossis txheej. Lawv cov tshuaj aqueous feem ntau tsis muaj zog alkaline lossis ze rau - nruab nrab, nyob ntawm seb qhov hydrolysis nyiam ntawm cov hlau ions. Lawv feem ntau muaj cov thermal stability siab, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov kua qaub los yog kub kub, lawv tuaj yeem decompose tso phosphine roj los yog hloov mus rau phosphates; Cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum tau tswj xyuas thaum rov qab los thiab pov tseg.
Kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm phosphites yog tsom rau peb yam: ua ntej, lawv cov khoom txo qis, uas tuaj yeem siv rau kev txo cov hlau ion, electroplating pretreatment, thiab txo cov kauj ruam hauv qee cov organic synthesis; thib ob, raws li stabilizers, nyob rau hauv cov polymers, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog polyvinyl chloride thiab polyesters, lawv tuaj yeem ntes cov dawb radicals, inhibit oxidative degradation, thiab ntev cov khoom lag luam; thib peb, lawv cov kev sib koom tes thiab kev muaj peev xwm chelating, uas tuaj yeem tsim cov complexes nrog kev hloov pauv hlau ions, siv rau hauv kev npaj catalyst thiab kev tshawb nrhiav hlau ion.
Cov ntawv thov kev lag luam npog ntau qhov chaw. Hauv kev lag luam kho dej, phosphites tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion, tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv ntawm cov hlau nto kom qeeb corrosion thiab scaling. Hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, qee cov phosphites, vim lawv cov tshuaj lom neeg tsawg thiab kev loj hlob -txhim kho cov teebmeem, tau raug kawm raws li cov nroj tsuag tiv thaiv kab mob los yog tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws- cov khoom siv tsis zoo, cov khoom siv phosphite ua ke nrog cov organic pawg tuaj yeem muab cov nplaim hluav taws kub hnyiab thiab cov pa taws ua kom muaj zog rau cov yas thiab roj hmab, ua tau raws li kev ruaj ntseg hauv kev tsim kho thiab kev thauj mus los.
Hais txog ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb, feem ntau phosphites muaj biodegradability zoo dua thiab qis dua ecological txaus ntshai piv rau phosphides uas muaj tshuaj lom heev. Txawm li cas los xij, kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig ntawm cov hlau hnyav hnyav tseem yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab rau qee qhov hnyav hlau phosphites. Kev xaiv tsim nyog ntawm hom cation thiab kev tswj ntawm cov tshuaj yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav qhov sib npaug ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.
Zuag qhia tag nrho, phosphites, nrog rau lawv cov qauv tsim, ob lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev txo qis thiab ruaj khov, thiab kev sib raug zoo, tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv kev ua hlau, kev hloov pauv polymer, kev kho ib puag ncig, thiab cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb. Lawv txoj kev txhim kho ntxiv thiab kev ua haujlwm sib xyaw ua ke tsim nyog tau txais kev saib xyuas txuas ntxiv.
